ГИА тест 21 "Путешествие по странам изучаемого языка и по России"

ГИА тест 21 "Путешествие по странам изучаемого языка и по России" Путешествие по странам изучаемого языка и по России

Раздел 2. (задания по чтению)

В3

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами А–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

1. A HELPF L ASSISTANT

2. HAVE A GOOD REST

3. TRAIN FRIENDSHIP

4. FAST AND PLEASANT

5. TICKETS

6. PLEAS RABLE DIFFERENCES

7. FOOD

8. TAKING TEA

A. Train travel between cities is definitely one of the best experiences you can have while visiting Russia. I don’t mean that the accommodations are the most comfortable, or the trains are fast and efficient, but using ground transportation to cover the vast distances between cities makes obvious the reality of being somewhere so different from home. Romantic and un-Western, train travel will give you glimpses of rural countryside as you sip tea made from the so called samovar. The rhythm from the tracks is comforting as you play cards with your traveling companions or read a book. Train travel is great because you are deep in Russian culture without having to extend any extra effort.

B. As in every case, make sure you have your passport, money, and tickets with you before boarding the train. There is a lot of checking and re-checking to make sure your identification matches your tickets before getting on the train. Put your tickets somewhere you can reach them easily after you board – do not misplace them; someone will come around to check your tickets once again to make sure you are a paying passenger and in the correct seat and car.

C. There is a conductor lady on any train. This is who you will go to if you have questions or problems. She is who you address when you need to get sheets for your bunk and who you will pay when you rent them. She will probably be stern and business-like. She is not a flight-attendant; she is someone who does what she has to do and will otherwise leave you alone. That is, unless you break the rules – and then she will be the first to scold you for your mistake!

D. The Russians are very hospitable. During long train trips, there is a tradition to bring snacks for yourself and to share. Fruit, crackers, tea, juices, as well as bread and cheese are easy to transport and good for sharing. Any food left by the train staff on the table in the compartments is there to tempt you – it works like a hotel mini bar, so you pay higher prices for whatever you buy on a train.

E. There is usually a water heater in each car that will provide hot water for drinks, tea and soups. Having tea with snacks on trains is a long-standing Russian tradition. Be careful, though – the water in the heater is really hot. If you aren’t used to the movement of the train it is easy to slosh hot water everywhere and burn yourself. You may ask the conductor to make tea for you into your car or have one in the restaurant car.

F. It’s true that one of the greatest things about travelling through Eastern Europe is the opportunities to make new friends. You can get to know quite a bit about someone on a 14-hour train ride from St. Petersburg to Moscow. It’s quite possible that you’ll find yourself in the middle of a card game or laughing at some Russian jokes. The regular native travelers are very friendly and they might be simply interested in where you come from and where you are going. You will be asked a lot of questions, personal also, but you are free to make any stories, everyone will make you think they do believe you.

G. Overall, you should find the train experience fun, interesting and relaxing. se the time to catch up on your personal travel journal or to reflect upon the people you have encountered and the things you have seen. You will be well-rested and ready to resume your adventures once you reach the next city.

Тексты	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Заголовки

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А7–А14 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основания текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated).

Russian Churches

For most of its history, Russian architecture has been predominantly religious. Churches were for centuries the only buildings to be constructed of stone, and today they are almost the only buildings that remain from its ancient past.

The basic elements of Russian church design appeared fairly early, around the eleventh century. The plan is generally that of a Greek cross (all four arms are equal), and the walls are high and relatively free of openings. Sharply-sloped roofs and a multitude of domes cover the structure. The characteristic onion dome first appeared in Novgorod on the Cathedral of Sancta Sophia, in the eleventh century. On the interior, the primary feature is the iconostasis, an altar screen on which the church icons are mounted in a hierarchical fashion.

The centers of medieval church architecture followed the shifting dominance of old Russian cities – from Kiev to Novgorod and Pskov, and, since the end of the 15th century, Moscow. With the establishment of a unified Russian state under Ivan III, foreign architecture began to appear in Russia. The first instance of such foreign work is Moscow great Assumption Cathedral, completed in 1479 by the Bolognese architect Aritotle Fioravanti. The cathedral is actually a remarkable synthesis of traditional Russian architectural styles, though its classical proportions mark it as a work of the Italian Renaissance.

The Russian tradition experienced a brief period of renewed influence under Ivan the Terrible, under whose reign the legendary Cathedral of St. Basil’s was built. In general, however, the Tsars began to align themselves increasingly with European architectural styles. The great example of this shift was Peter the Great, who designed St. Petersburg in accordance with prevailing European design. His successors continued the pattern, hiring the Italian architect Rastrelli to produce the Rococo Winter Palace and Smolny Cathedral. nder Catherine the Great, the Rococo was set aside for neoclassicism, completing St. Petersburg’s topography in a European style.

During the nineteenth century a fresh interest in traditional Russian forms arose. Like the associated movement in the visual arts, this revival of older styles participated in the creation of an avant-garde movement in the early twentieth century. For a brief period following the 1917 Revolution, the avant-garde Constructivist movement gained sufficient influence to design major buildings. Lenin’s Mausoleum, designed in 1924 by Alexey Shchusev, is the most notable of the few remaining Constructivist buildings. By the late 1920s, the avant-garde found itself repudiated by Stalin’s increasingly conservative state. Moving away from modernism, Stalinist-era architecture is best exemplified by the seven nearly indistinguishable "wedding-cake" skyscrapers that dominate the city’s skyline.

In more recent years, the dissolution of the Soviet state and a renewed interest in traditional Russian culture have produced a new appreciation of more modest folk architecture. The few remaining examples of traditional wooden architecture, such as those on display in the outdoor architectural museum in Kostroma, are now among Russia’s most treasured architectural monuments.

A 7 Religion influenced Russian architecture.